Plants

Abelia grandiflora

Leaves persist throughout winter increasing flammability.

Abies balsamea

Grows best in non-landscape locations.

Abies concolor

Most tolerant of urban conditions than all firs, resin blisters found on bark can be very flammable.

Abies frazeri

Grows best in non-landscape locations.

Abies nordmanniana

Tolerant of urban conditions.

Acer buergeranum

Excellent small shade tree for compact locations.

Acer campestre

Often branched to the ground and may need pruning up to prevent ladder potential. Weedy tree.

Acer ginnala

Excellent small shade tree for compact locations.

Acer griseum

Typically planted in the landscape too close to structures.

Acer japonicum

Typically planted in the landscape too close to structures.

Acer negundo

Multi-stem potential and ragged habit could increase flammability potential, seed persistent.

Acer nigrum

Used interchangeably with sugar maple, also source of maple sugar.

Acer palmatum

Typically planted in the landscape too close to structures.

Acer pensylvanicum

Outstanding winter bark, red bark variety is available.

Acer platanoides

Invasive seedling plants providing plenty of flammable material in non-cultivated sites.

Acer pseudoplatanus

Invasive seedling plants providing plenty of flammable material in non-cultivated sites.

Acer rubrum

In naturalized setting can be multi-stemmed with ladder potential therefore increasing flammability.

Acer saccharinum

Many insect and disease problems and messy nature may increase flammability.

Acer saccharum

Not tolerant of pollution or salt in urban environments.

Acer tataricum

Excellent small shade tree for compact locations.

Acer truncatum

Not often used, good alternative to sugar maple or Norway maple.

Acer x freemanii

Characteristics of silver maple but stronger structure and branching habit. Has winter bark splitting.

Actinidia deliciosa

Sub-tropical Kiwi fruit, vigorous growing vine.

Aesculus flava

Large forest tree, many nuts in fall.

Aesculus glabra

State tree of Ohio.

Aesculus hippocastanum

Often branched to the ground and may need pruning up to prevent ladder potential.

Aesculus parviflora

Shrub form of buckeye.

Aesculus pavia

Adaptable to parking lot islands. Salt tolerant.

Aesculus x carnea

Less cultural problems than horse chestnut.

Ailanthus altissima

Very tolerant of inner-city environvent. Generally considered very invasive and a weed tree.

Akebia quinata

Interesting pink or white flowers. Can be invasive.

Albizzia julibrissum

Feathery pink flowers. Gets mimosa web worm which turns foliage brown.

Alnus glutinosa

Imported tree for city planting.

Alnus incana

Large native shrub for wetlands.

Alnus rubra

West coast native tree with bright red catkins in the spring. Plant in wet land areas.

Alnus serrulata

Large native shrub for warmer wet land areas.

Amelanchier arborea

White pubescence on new growth-showy white flowers early in spring-edible blue fruit in June.

Amelanchier canadensis

Green glabrous new growth-showy white flowers early in spring-edible blue fruit in June.

Amelanchier laevis

Coppery new growth-showy white flowers early in spring-edible blue fruit in June.

Amelanchier x grandiflora

Landscape plant only as it is grafted-not found in the wild-showy white flowers early in spring-edible blue fruit in June.

Amorpha fruticosa

Attractive purple and orange pea-like flowers. Will grow in dry areas as well as wetlands. Invasive along waterways due to abundant seed production.

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata

Very showy porcelain blue fruit in the fall. Can be invasive in the landscape.

Andromeda polifolia

Requires very acidic, wetland soils and cool temperatures.

Aralia spinosa

Grows anywhere and spreads by suckers off the root system. Large clusters of terminal purple fruit-looks like elderberry on steroides. Fruit is not edible.

Arctostaphlos uva-ursi

Very hardy "walkable" ground cover in excellently drained soil only-small red fruit for wildlife.

Aristolochia macrophylla

Odd looking, pipe-shaped flowers that attract hummingbirds.

Aronia arbutifolia

Outstanding red fall color-fruit attracts birds.

Aronia melanocarpa

Outstanding red and orange fall color-fruit attracts birds.

Arundo donax

Bamboo-like grass that is very heat tolerant.

Asimina triloba

Banana flavored fruit. Requires plants from a different seed source to produce abundant fruit.

Aucuba japonica

Showy waxy leaves.

Baccharis halmifolia

White showy seed in clusters in the winter.

Berberis julianae

Most cold tolerant of the evergreen barberries. Showy blue fruit. Persistant 3-spine thorns at each node.

Berberis thunbergi

Persistant single thorns at each node-holds blown in trash.

Betula alleghaniensis

Attractive exfoliating golden bark. Not tolerant of a warm environment. Source of lumber for old-time school desks.

Betula jacquemontii

Peeling papery bark and multi-trunk trees add fire potential.

Betula lenta

Crushed bark smells like wintergreen due to oil in bark.

Betula maximowicziana

Peeling papery bark and multi-trunk trees add fire potential.

Betula nigra

Peeling papery bark and multi-trunk trees add fire potential.

Betula papyrifera

Peeling papery bark and multi-trunk trees add fire potential.

Betula pendula

Peeling papery bark and multi-trunk trees add fire potential.

Betula platyphylla 'Whitespire'

Peeling papery bark and multi-trunk trees add fire potential.

Betula populifolia

Bark peels in narrow strips. Native in wetlands but does not maintain the very white bark of paper birch. Very heavy producer of seed.

Bignonia capreolata

Orange tubular flowers similar to trumpet vine. Attracts hummingbirds.

Broussonetia papyrifera

Extremely invasive. Originially imported to make paper.

Buddleja davidii

Many flower color, attracts many butterflies and hummingbirds. Prolific producer of seed; considered invasive in some states.

Buxus sempervirens

Plant vigor reduced when not planted in alkaline soils.

Buxus sinica

Plant vigor reduced when not planted in alkaline soils. More cold tolerant than common boxwood.

Calamagrostis spp.

Showy decorative grass providing plenty of fire load material in a landscape.

Callicarpa americana

Attractive purple-red fruit in fall. Attracts birds to landscape.

Callicarpa dichotoma

Attractive purple fruit in fall. Attracts birds to landscape.

Callistemon citrinus

Feathery red flowers.

Calluna vulgaris

Low ground cover ing plants that flower in January and February.

Calycanthus floridus

Fragrant red-brown flowers in May and sporatically through summer.

Camellia japonica

Outstanding flowers of white, red,pink and variegated in the late winter and early spring. Glossy dark green foliage.

Camellia oleifera

Source of tea leaves. Used for interbreeding with other camellias for hardiness.

Camellis sasanqua

Outstanding flowers in fall of pink, purple, white and red.

Campsis radicans

Margin of leaves toothed-overtakes other plants rapidly and will shade out these plants.

Caragana arborescens

Yellow pea-like flowers.

Carpinus betulus

Upright form has very dense foliage.

Carpinus caroliniana

Small shade tree.

Carya cordiformis

Yellow dormant buds. Very bitter nuts.

Carya glabra

Small nuts but edible.

Carya illinoensis

Very usable nuts for cooking and eating fresh. Very susceptable to fall web worm.

Carya laciniosa

Not a common tree but produces large edible nuts.

Carya ovata

Very shaggy bark. Good edible nuts.

Carya tomentosa

"Fuzzy" leaves, petioles and new wood. Nuts have a very tick shell with small "meat".

Caryopteris xclandoensis

Blue flowers late summer to early fall.

Castanea dentata

Generally only found as suckers from old stumps. These suckers die when start producing nuts as only the roots are resistant to Chestnut Blight.

Castanea mollissima

Oriental replacement for American chestnut. Nuts very edible.

Castanea pumila

Small native chestnut that is not susceptable to Chestnut Blight. Small sweet nuts. Source of wildlife food.

Catalpa bignonioides

Southern form of catalpa. Smaller "pods". Food source for catalpa hornworms which can defoliate tree in summer.

Catalpa speciosa

Northern form of catalpa. Larger "pods". Food source for catalpa hornworms which can defoliate tree in summer. Used as a decorative tree in 1940's subdivisions.

Ceanothus americus

Native ornmental plant for wetlands. Salt tolerant.

Cedrus atlantica

Irregular upright growing evergreen tree with showy blue foliage.

Cedrus deodara

Typically does not grow straight.

Cedrus libani

Very historic tree of the Middle Eastern countries. Some of the largest individual plants are in the U.S. Tends to be "flat-topped".

Celastrus orbiculata

Shoey orange-red fruit in clusters that are used for fall decoration. Very invasive. Dioecious or separate sex plants.

Celtis laevigata

Fruit attracts birds.

Celtis occidentalis

Very warty bark. Susceptible to nipple gall which deforms the leaves. In Midwest susceptible to Witches Broom giving the branches a stunted appearance.

Cephalanthus occidentalis

Unusual white feathery ball shaped flowers. Native wetland shrub.

Cephlotaxus harringtonia

Very dense evergreen.

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Leaves smell like burnt sugar in fall.

Cercis canadensis

Early spring flower-purple foliage plant available.

Cercis reniformis 'Oklahoma'

White flowering form of redbud.

Chaenomeles japonica

Thorns at end of branches. Compact form of flowering-quince.

Chaenomeles speciosa

Looses leaves late summer-gathers in thick stems-has thorns at end of branches.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Largest of falsecypress. Native of the west coast of the U.S. Thick bark up to 3" thick.

Chamaecyparis obtusa

Branches form in fans-many sizes available.

Chamaecyparis pisifera

Two types of foliage available-Juvenile form is needle shaped in either green or gray and adult form is scale in green. Neither forms mature gracefully as they both tend to hold brown dead needles.

Chamaecyparis thyoides

East Coast native of the U.S. Adaptable to wetlands.

Chamaedaphne calyculata

Found normally in Canada. Sometimes occurrs isolated in pot holes left by glaciation. Usually found in acidic, organic wet soils.

Chionanthus virginicus

A mountain native. Outstanding feathery flowers in spring on both male and female plants. Hard to propagate asexually and requires two years for seed to germinate.

Citrus spp.

The citrus fruit trees-grapefruit, oranges, lemons, limes, tangerines, kumquats. All forms have thorns.

Cladrastis kentukea

Native small to medium tree with showy white pea flowers in the summer.

Clematis virginiana

Native vinewith scented white flowers in late summer into fall. Good screen plant on a chain link fence as long as it doesn't touch structures.

Clematis xjackmanii

Needs winter root protection from cold temperatures.

Clerodendron trichotomum

Showy white and red flowers. Will grow on any site. Very invasive.

Clethra acuminata

Attracts butterflys.

Clethra alnifolia

Attracts butterflys. Sweet scented flowers in late summer in white or reddish-pink.

Cornus alternifolia

Unusual alternate leaf dogwood. Red twigs. Sun tolerant. White flower clusters in summer.

Cornus amomum

Blood-red twigs. Will grow in wetland areas.

Cornus controversa

Largest form of dogwood. White clusters of flowers in summer.

Cornus florida

White, pink and red bracts available-green and white/yellow foliage available.

Cornus kousa var. chinensis

Only available with white bracts-flowers after leaves emerge-edible fruit.

Cornus mas

Yellow flowers before leaf emergence. Edible large red fruit in fall.

Cornus racemosa

Winter stem color.

Cornus sericea

Winter stem color.

Cornus sericea 'Flaviramea'

Winter stem color.

Cornus x 'Rutban'

Hybrid that is resistant to dogwood discula anthracnose. Flowers at same time as kousa. Available primarily with cream bracts.

Cortaderia selloana

Large clump decorative grass with very large white plumes summer throughout winter. Source of fireload material in the landscape.

Corylus americana

Native shrub in lower elevations that will provide filberts for wildlife and eating.

Corylus avellana 'Contorted'

Twisted branches used in landscapes. It is grafted for landscape use. Suckers coming from roots must be kept removed.

Corylus colurna

True Turkish filbert. Imported and used in the landscape for production of nuts.

Corylus cornuta

Native shrub in upperelevations that will provide filberts for wildlife and eating.

Cotinus coggygria

Large cotton-candy-like flowers in pink or gray.

Cotoneaster apiculata

Accumulates debris.

Cotoneaster horizontalis

Accumulates debris.

Cotoneaster salicifolia

Foliage turns red in the winter in the sun-can be espalier on a wall.

Crataegus aestivalis

Many thorns-odoriferous flowers. Attracts birds.

Crataegus crus-galli

Many thorns-odoriferous flowers. Attracts birds.

Crataegus phaenopyrum

Many thorns-odoriferous flowers. Attracts birds.

Crataegus viridis 'Winter King'

Good street tree-inter-city adaptable-no thorns-attracts birds -odoriferous flowers.

Cryptomeria japonica

Upright growing evergreen with green to blue needles in the adult form. Juvenile form is not cold hardy in northern regions. It has feathery purple foliage.

Cunninghamia lanceolata

Strange flat green to blue needles born in a single plane. Very pointed needles that are held on to tree after they have died. Suckers readily forming impenetrable clumps.

Cupressus arizonica var. arizonica

Fragrant blue foliage. Scale needles are smooth to touch. Showy reddish or yellow exfoliating bark.

Cupressus glabra 'Carolina Safire'

Blue-white foliage. Upright growing evergreen.

Cupressus sempervirens

Imported columnar evergreen with weeping outer branches.

Cyperus spp.

Used as an annual in Northern regions as an accent plant. Foliage is at the top of the stems forming an umbrella. Plant for wet land use to accent water gardens.

Cytisus scoparius

Green stems though-out winter forms large clumps.

Danae racemosa

Leaf-like stuctures are actually modified stems. Used for floral arrangements.

Daphne odora

Sweet spicy scent from early spring pink flowers. Susceptable to crown gall causing shrubs to break at ground level.

Deutzia gracilis

Showy white flowers in spring.

Diervilla lonicera

Native shrub with twin yellow flowers.

Diervilla sessifolia

Native shrub with twin yellow flowers.

Diospyros kaki

 

Diospyros texana

 

Diospyros virginiana

 

Dirca palustris

 

Elaeagnus angustifolia

Has thorns-suckers readily.

Elaeagnus pungens

Has thorns-suckers readily. Was planted along many interstate highways.

Elaeagnus umbellata

Has thorns-suckers readily. Due to prolific production of red fruit that attracts birds and is spread by birds, this plant is outlawed in several states. Was planted along many interstate highways.

Enkianthus campanulatus

Odoriferous white bell flowers with red stripes in early spring. Outstanding red fall leaf color.

Equisetum hyemale

Wetland plant. Can be very invasive in warmer regions. Used for floral arrangements.

Eriobotrya japonica

Edible fruit. Tends to grow like an umbrella in form.

Eucalyptus spp.

Many species available and more used in warmer regions. One of the most hardy is the species with showy, silver foliage. Very heat resistant.

Euonymus alatus

Red fall color-seed spread by birds.

Euonymus americanus

Native tree form of euonymus. Red fall color with orange-red fruit. Very susceptable to euonymus scale on stems.

Euonymus europaeus

Imported tree form of euonymus. Red fall color with bright red fruit. Very susceptable to euonymus scale on stems.

Euonymus fortunei

Invasive into other plantings-roots at nodes-will climb on trees. Very susceptable to euonymus scale on stems.

Euonymus japonicus

Very susceptable to euonymus scale on stems.

Exocorda racemosa

 

Fagus grandifolia

 

Fagus sylvatica

 

Ficus carica

 

Forsythia suspensa

 

Forsythia xintermedia

Early spring yellow flowers.

Fothergilla gardenii

 

Fothergilla major

 

Franklinia alatamaha

 

Fraxinus americana

Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.

Fraxinus nigra

Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.

Fraxinus ornus 'Rotundifolia'

Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.

Fraxinus quadrangulata

Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.

Fraxinus tomentosa

Emerald Ash Borer destroying all native ash in infected areas-firewood is quarantined.

Gardenia jasminoides

 

Gaultheria procumbens

 

Gelsemium sempervirens

 

Ginkgo biloba

Odoriferous fruit on mature females-trees don't mature for at least 20 years.

Gleditsia triacanthos

Branched thorns on species-landscape forms do not have thorns-many large seed pods on species.

Gordonia lasianthus

 

Gymnocladus dioicus

 

Halesia diptera

 

Halesia tetraptera

 

Hamamelis vernalis

 

Hamamelis virginiana

 

Hamamelis x intermedia 'Arnold's Promise'

 

Hedera helix

Roots in any surface at nodes-destroys morter in brick and stone buildings-damages trees if allowed to grow on trunks.

Heptacodium miconioides

 

Hibiscus syriacus

Can be grown as a single stemmed small tree-many flower colors available.

Hydrangea arborescens

 

Hydrangea macrophylla

Pink flowers in alkaline soils-blue flowers in acidic soils-flowers on new wood.

Hydrangea paniculata

Can form small tree with age.

Hydrangea quercifolia

Produces large amounts of ignitable material-vine red fall foliage color.

Hypericum prolificum

 

Iberis sempervirens

 

Ilex aquifolium

 

Ilex cassine

 

Ilex cornuta 'Burfordii'

Showy red fruit.

Ilex crenata

Blueish-black fruit-heavily used as landscape plant.

Ilex decidua

 

Ilex montana

 

Ilex opaca

Red and yellow forms available-produces much debris.

Ilex verticillata

Red, yellow and orange fruit forms available;attracts birds-showy in winter.

Ilex vomitoria

Southern holly withred, yellow and white fruit. Very large shrub, weeping shrub and dwarf forms available.

Ilex x attenuata hybrids

Excellent dark green foliage. Sometimes self pollinating.

Ilex x meserveae hybrids

Two series available for landscape use-blue series has dark foliage-China series has yellow-green foliage.

Ilex x 'Nellie R. Stevens'

Very heat tolerant. Drought tolerant.

Illicium floridanum

 

Itea virginica

 

Jasminum mudiflorum

 

Juglans cinerea

Oval shaped; sweet buttery nuts. Releases allopathic chemical, Jug alone, which injures or kills members of Solanaceae and Ericaceae.

Juglans nigra

Strongest source of the allepathic chemical, Jugalone, which injures or kills members of Solanaceae and Ericaceae. Plentiful nuts with not seamed husks which will stain anything touching them. Outstanding dark furniture lumber source. Fall web worm problematic.

Juglans regia

Source of valuable commercial nut.

Juniperus chinensis

Blue and yellow-green forms available-commonly used landscape plant.

Juniperus communis

Shrubby native juniper. Large fruit covering seeds is a source of flavoring for gin.

Juniperus horizontalis

Blue foliage forms available-used as a ground cover in sunny, dry locations.

Juniperus scopulorum

Upright western native juniper or "red cedar".

Juniperus virginiana

Showy blue fruit-pioneer plant-shelter for birds. Large fruit covering seeds is a source of flavoring for gin.

Kalmia angustifolia

Showy pink flowers.

Kalmia latifolia

Outstanding flowers in spring-poisonous foliage making it deer resistant.

Kalmia polifolia

Found naturally in spaghnum bogs,deer resistant due to poisonous foliage.

Kalopanax pictus

 

Kerria japonica

Single and very double yellow flowers. Showy pale green stems year round.

Koelreuteria paniculata

Bright golden yellow flower panicles during the summer. Unusual "fruit" clusters-black nutlets attached to bracts that have the appearance of being a triangular pod.

Kolkwitzia amabilis

Showy pink flowers, fuzzy seeds that baby chicks with their feet up.

Laburnum x watereri

Hanging yellow pea-like flowers.

Lagerstroemia fauriei

Common flowering tree-many colors of flowers available-showy coppery colored winter bark.

Lagerstroemia indica

Common flowering tree-many colors of flowers available-showy winter bark.

Larix decidua

Imported deciduous conifer. Needles in whorls.

Larix laricina

Native deciduous, northern conifer. Needles in whorls on spurs.

Leucothoe axillaris

White axilliary flowers. Salt tolerant plant.

Leucothoe fontanesiana

White axilliary flowers. Long arching branches making it a sprawling shrub. Shrub used for informal landscapes.

Ligustrum japonicum

Broad leaf evergreen large shrub to small tree in deep south. Odoriferous white flower clusters.

Ligustrum lucidum

Broadleaf evergreen large shrub to small tree in deep south. Odoriferous white flower clusters.

Ligustrum sinensis

Showy variegated shrub.Invasive due to heavy fruit production.

Ligustrum vulgare

Used for hedges in landscape due to prolific fruit crop. Very invasive in the southern U. S.

Lindera benzoin

Spicy scent bto crushed leaves. Bright red fruit that was dried and used for a pepper substitute. Bright yellow fall color.

Liquidambar styraciflua

Heavy production of spiked "gumballs"-attractive yellow, red to black purple fall color.

Liriodendron tulipifera

Very apical dominat tree as grow very columnar and is fas5t growing. Weak in strong winds, heavy wet snow and ice accumulation. In the magnolia family. Used for veneer in furniture manufacture.

Liriope xmuscari

Variegated forms available-forms dense ground cover.

Lonicera fragrantissima

Least invasive of the shrub honeysuckles-fragrant white flowers in early spring-deciduous in northern range.

Lonicera japonica

Very invasive ground cover/vine-will crowd out native plants-deciduous in northern range.

Lonicera maacki

Due to large red fruit spread by birds; becomes very invasive and provides a great deal of fire source material in the wild.

Lonicera morrowi

White fragrant flowers. Invasive shrub as seed spread by birds.

Lonicera sempervirens

Native semi-evergreen vine. Red, yellow or orange trumpet flowers that attract hummingbirds. Non-invasive vine.

Lonicera tatarica

Pink to red fragrant flowers. Red attractive fruit to birds. Very invasive in north central states.

Lonicera xylosteum

Creamy white fragrant flowers resulting in orange fruit. Attractive to birds and becomes quite invasive in natural woodlands.

Loropetalum chinensis

Attractive pink flowers in contrast to purple-red foliage.

Lythrum salicaria

Very invasive in wetlands. Against the law to plant in most Eastern states. Crowds out native plants which changes ecology of wetland areas.

Maackia amurensis

Dry environment tree. Imported.

Maclura pomifera

Source of native american bow wood. Large fruit that are food for squirrels.

Magnolia acuminata

Grows like tulip-poplar. Substitute for yellow-poplar veneer. Large yellow flowers.

Magnolia fraseri

Upland native magnolia. Large leaves with a "fish-tail base to leaf. Large green, glabrous terminal buds.

Magnolia grandiflora

Brown pubescence on underside of leaf is found on hardier forms-large white fragrant flowers-produces much debris.

Magnolia macrophylla

Largest foliage of native magnolias. Large gray, pubescent buds.

Magnolia stellata

Showy double pink flowers in early spring.

Magnolia tripetala

Largest flowers of the native magnolias. Flowers are odoriferous. Foliage is concentrated at terminal ends of twigs. Large purple glabrous terminal buds.

Magnolia virginiana

White pubescence on underside of leaf is found on hardier forms-may be deciduous-fragrant flowers throughout summer.

Magnolia x loebneri

Very similar to saucer magnolia flowers. Flowers are of darker colors.

Magnolia x soulangiana

Early spring flowering-many colors available.

Mahonia aquifolium

Glossy green foliage appearring to be a holly except with compound leaves. Bright yellow terminal floqwer clusters in early spring with bright blue fruit in summer.

Mahonia bealei

Leaflets in pairs that appear like green butterflies sitting on the petiole of the leaf. Golden yellow flowers with large blue fruit. Foliage is a dull green.

Mahonia repens

Western native ground cover. Reddish foliage in the sun in the winter.

Malus baccata

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus floribunda

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus hupehensis

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus ioensis

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus pumila

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus purpurea

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus sargentii

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus spectabilis

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus sylvestris

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab-fragrant flowers in spring.

Malus x zumi var. calocarpa

Older cultivars loose leaves early due to apple scab. Fragrant flowers in spring.

Melia azedarach

Imported, invasive tree throughout the southern states. Unusual small blue flower resulting with gelatinous round green fruit. Gets stem canker readily causing tree to become short and "bushy".

Mespilus germanica

 

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Only found in landscape environment.

Michelia figo

Tropical environment plant.

Microbiota decussata

Very cold tolerant, spreading conifrer. Does well in sun or shade.

Miscanthus sinensis

Large grass clump providing plenty of fire load material. Can be invasive in southern states. Very showy, commonly used in the landscape.

Morus alba

Weeping form available-birds spread tree due to abundant fruit production.

Morus nigra

Native black fruited mulberry

Morus rubra

Most common black fruited mulberry. Heavy producer of fruit and commonly found in fence rows in Eastern U.S.

Muhlenbergia spp.

Medium size clump landscape grass. Fine texture.

Musa spp.

Provides of potential buring material in winter from large dead foliage.

Myrica cerifera

Fragrant foliage, it can be found growing in swamps, and has waxy blue fruit on stems.

Myrica pensylvanica

Sometimes individual plants will be evergreen-can be found growing in swamps-waxy blue fruit on stems.

Nandina domestica

Bright red terminal fruit-easily spread by birds.

Nerium oleander

Extremely poisonous sap in whole plant if eaten or if used as a cooking utensil.

Nyssa aquatica

Sub-tropical tree found in wetlands.

Nyssa sylvatica

Outstanding red fall color-irregular branching growth habit.

Olea europaea

Imported small tree in tropical parts of U.S. producing edible fruit after harvesting and processing.

Osmanthus americanus

Native broadleaf evergreen with holly-like leqaves.

Osmanthus fragrans

Native entire margin leaf broadleaf evergreen. Many small fragrant cream flowers in late winter.

Osmanthus x fortunei

Hybrid broadleaf evergreen shrub with holly-like leaves.

Ostrya carpinifolia

Native shrubby form of hophornbeam.

Ostrya virginiana

Small native tree once used to make wooden gears and wheel hubs.

Oxydendrum arboreum

Largest form of the ericaceous family. Showy terminal cream colored flower panicles in mid-summer. Prominent tan seed clusters in winter. Bright red fall foliage color.

Pachysandra procumbens

Larger foliage than imported pachysandra. Showy white terminal flower, Persistant foliage.

Pachysandra terminalis

Variegated form available-dense ground cover-fragrant white terminal flowers early in spring.

Parrotia persica

Showy small pink flowers in late spring. Orangred fall foliage color.

Parthenocissus quinquifolia

Climbs by tendrils with platelets that attach to surfaces-five leaflets-red fall color.

Parthenocissus tricuspidata

Commonly used wall covering vine.

Paulownia tomentosa

Showy purple purple flower spikes in late spring. Fast growing and re-growing tree. Due to the great quantities of fine seed produced can become quite invasive.

Paxistima canbyi

 

Pennisetum spp.

Medium size clump landscape grass. Fine texture.

Persea borbonia

Leaves are dried for use as spice.

Phellodendron amurense

Male trees should be used for landscape purposes to prevent invasion of surrounding environment. Female is prolific seed producer.

Philadelphus coronarius

Fragrant white flowers.

Phoenix canariensis

 

Phoenix reclinata

 

Photinia serrulata

Fruity scent to crushed foliage.

Photinia x fraseri

New growth is bright red.

Phragmites australis

Fast spreading grass-keeps dead foliage all winter-easily spread by wind blowing seed.

Phyllostachys spp.

Some species are very invasive and provide ample fire load material as the plant develops into impenetrable thickets.

Physocarpus opulifolius

Exfoliating orange bark in winter.

Picea abies

Long sweeping to weeping branches-generally branch to the ground.

Picea glauca

Dwarf form more commonly found in landscape.

Picea pungens

Stiff branching habit with stiff sharp needles-blue form most common in landscape.

Picea rubens

 

Pieris floribunda

Large creamy flower panicles in early spring

Pieris japonica

Early flower clusters are waxy, creamy, small-very susceptible to lace bug.

Pinckneya pubens

Tropical tree that was source for cure to malaria.

Pinus bungeana

Exfoliating bark of green, gray, brown, silver.

Pinus cembra

Tight growing conifer with needles in bundles of 5.

Pinus densiflora

 

Pinus echinata

Southern yellow pine for lumber and pulp wood.

Pinus elliottii

Southern yellow pine for lumber and pulp wood.

Pinus mugo

Shrubby pine found in landscape only-2-3 inch needles in bundles of 2.

Pinus nigra

Very salt tolerant pine-very susceptable to tip blight-6-8 inch needles in bundles of 3.

Pinus palustris

Primarily a lumber tree-12 inch needles in bundles of 3.

Pinus parviflora

Short needles in bundles of 5.

Pinus ponderosa

Southern yellow pine for lumber and pulp wood.

Pinus resinosa

Needles break when bent-3-4 inch needles in bundles of 2.

Pinus rigida

Adventitous needles on branches and trunk-3-4 inch needles in bundles of 2.

Pinus strobus

Heavily used in landscape-will not tolerate compacted, poorly drained soils-3-5 inch needles in bundles of 5.

Pinus sylvestris

Commonly grown for Christmas trees. Orange bark on mature trees. Twisted needles in bundles of 2.

Pinus taeda

Primarily a lumber tree-6-9 inch needles in bundles of 3.

Pinus thunbergiana

Tree always grows crooked.

Pinus virginiana

Pioneer tree in open areas;mgrows in thick stands. Lower branches are persistant, blows over when stand is thinned. 2 inch needles in bundles of 2.

Pinus wallichiana

Long needles in bundles of 5.

Pittosporum tobira

Waxy thick foliage.

Platanus occidentalis

Large leaves and exfoliating bark provide plenty of fire fuel-showy white bark during winter-very strong structured tree to wind damage.

Platanus x acerifolia

Not as susceptible to anthracnose as sycamore-greenish gray bark in winter.

Platycladnus orientalis

Commonly planted golden evergreen.

Podocarpus macrophyllus

Southern taxus -like evergreen.

Polygonum aubertii

Invasive vine with showy whits flowers in late summer.

Polygonum japonicum (Fallopia japonica)

Invasive bamboo-like non-woody plant.

Poncirus trifoliata

Most hardy of the citrus. Fruit is sour but edible. White fragrant flowers.

Populus alba

Showy pubescent white underside of the leaves. Used as wind breaks on the Great Plains. Can become invasive.

Populus deltoides

Leaves tremble in wind-when seed is dispersed in wind it looks like it's snowing.

Populus grandidentata

Looks like Colorado Aspen but has largedr leaves. Is more heat tolerant.

Populus nigra 'Italica'

Single trunk with short horizontal branches. Used as tall screen but is short lived.

Populus tremuloides

Yellow fall foliage color, most wide spread species in the northern hemisphere. Forms copses.

Prunus americana

Native plum. Grows in large suckering clumps.

Prunus angustifolia

Native plum. Grows in large suckering clumps.

Prunus avium

Invasive tree into natural environment spread by birds. Fruiting cherries are forms of this species.

Prunus caroliniana

Semi- evergreen small tree.

Prunus cerasifera 'Atropurpurea'

Red and purple leaf commonly used ornamental tree. Edible plum fruit.

Prunus lauracerasus

Spreading shrub found commonly in southern landscapes.

Prunus persica

Fruiting peach as well as ornamental doubl3e flowering forms. Many flower colors available.

Prunus serotina

Native cherry that is very poisonous when foliage wilts to horses, cattle, and sheep.

Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan'

Double pink flowers borne in profusion. Flowers easily destroyed by a hard rain

Prunus subhirtella 'Pendula'

Tree is grafted for landscape use providing many different heights-early spring flowering.

Prunus virginiana

Red fruit in clusters.

Prunus x blireana

Showy white to pink flowers in spring.

Prunus x cistena

Salt tolerant red foliage shrub. Red cherry fruit.

Prunus x yedoensis

The flowering cherry found in Washington, D.C.-pink flowers.

Pseudolarix kaempferi

Large flat curved needles. Bronze fall color.

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Unusual, destinctive cone with bracts sticking out between scales that look like the tail and rear legs of "mice".

Ptelea trifoliata

Papery round samara seed.

Pueraria montana

Extremely noxious weedy vine now reaching southern Ohio.

Punica granatum

Source of pomegranate fruit also available in double orange flower forms.

Pyracantha coccinea

Red, orange and yellow fruit that are susceptible to apple scab turning them black-thorns at ends of all branches-these thorns burn when broken off under the skin.

Pyrus calleryana

Due to branching habit, trees break up in wind and snow upon maturity-many odoriferous white flowers in spring-wine red fall color-very symetrical shape.

Pyrus communis

Fruiting edible pear.

Quercus acutissima

Imported oak with spiny toothed margin leaves. Does well in urban environment.

Quercus alba

Largest of the native oaks in height and spread-round lobes on leaves-acorns mature in one year.

Quercus bicolor

White oak that will grow in swampy areas as well as dry areas.

Quercus borealis

Toothed ends to lobes on leaves-acorns mature in two years.

Quercus coccinea

Toothed ends to lobes on leaves-acorns mature in two years.

Quercus ellipsoidalis

Northern form of pin oak.

Quercus falcata

Toothed ends to lobes on leaves-acorns mature in two years.

Quercus illicifolia

Native shrubby oak.

Quercus imbricaria

Source of shingles by early settlers. Lobless foliage.

Quercus laurifolia

Hardiest of the evergreen oaks.

Quercus lyrata

Cap almost covers acorn.

Quercus macrocarpa

Corky ridges on branches. Feathery scales around bottom of cap on acorn.

Quercus marilandica

Leaf is shaped like a three toed bear paw.

Quercus michauxii

Wood splits easily and is used in basket making.

Quercus muehlenbergii

Only oak that grows well in alkaline soils.

Quercus nigra

Non-lobed oak found in southeastern U.S. wetlands.

Quercus nuttallii

South central U.S. Tree.

Quercus palustris

Toothed ends to lobes on leaves-acorns mature in two years-shows iron chlorsis (yellowing of leaves) when grown in alkaline soils.

Quercus phellos

Toothed ends to lobes on leaves-acorns mature in two years-elongated willow-like leaves-salt tolerant.

Quercus prinus

Largest acorn with highest tannic acid content.

Quercus robur

Very susceptable to powerdy mildew. Upright form will open up in wet snow.

Quercus rubra

Largest of red oak group-toothed ends to lobes-acorns mature in two years.

Quercus shumardii

Looks like Northern red oak and grows natively in southern U.S.

Quercus stellata

Glossy green foliage that turns bronze in fall. Foliage is "cross' shaped.

Quercus velutina

Orange inner bark.

Quercus virginiana

Low reaching branches can be a ladder-rounded lobes on oval leaves-acorns mature in one year.

Raphiolepis indica

Used in adverse landscape locations-waxy pink flowers.

Raphiolepis umbellata

White to pink fragrant flowers. Showy blue fruit. Quite salt tolerant.

Rhamnus caroliniana

Bright red fruit that is attractive to birds.

Rhamnus frangula 'Asplenifolia'

Fern-like foliage.

Rhododendron arborescens

White scented flowers.

Rhododendron atlanticum

White scented flowers.

Rhododendron bakeri

Orange flowers in late summer.

Rhododendron calendulaceum

Yellow, orange and red flowers.

Rhododendron canadense

White flowers.

Rhododendron canescens

Red-pink flowers in small trussels.

Rhododendron catawbiense

Many color flowers for landscape use-most commonly used landscape rhododendron.

Rhododendron 'Exbury'

Many color flowers for landscape use.

Rhododendron maximum

White to pink flowers in mid-summer. Large sprawling plant.

Rhododendron minus

White flowers in small trusses.

Rhododendron obtusa

Many color flowers for landscape use-most commonly used landscape azalea-very susceptable to lacebug

Rhododendron periclymenoides

Pink and white long tubular flowers in early spring.

Rhododendron prunifolium

Orange flowers in late summer.

Rhododendron vaseyi

Scented soft pink flowers.

Rhododendron viscosum

Scented white flowers.

Rhodotypos scandens

White flowers in spring followed by terminal clusters of four shiny black terminal seeds.

Rhus aromatica

Three leaflet leaf-pungent scent-salt tolerant-red fall color.

Rhus copallina

Wing like petiole on leaves. Bright red fall foliage color.

Rhus glabra

Bright red fall color on large compound leaves-red terminal fruit clusters-forms a copse (one tree forest)-dioeicious.

Rhus typhina

Terminal red fruit, foliage and new growth is very"fuzzy". Showy red fall foliage color.

Ribes alpinum

Red edible fruit. Very cold tolerant.

Robinia hispida

Purple flowers os a shrub form of black locust. Bristly spines.

Robinia pseudoacacia

Long lasting lumber-used for fence posts.

Rosa hybrida

Grown for flower color-few to many spines on canes-grafted on multiflora rose roots.

Rosa multiflora

Very invasive-illegal to plant in most of the area.

Rosa rugosa

Very disease resistant shrub rose. Purple or white non-fragrant flowers.

Rosa virginiana

Native double red flowers.

Rosmarius officinalis

Used as an herb. Pine fragrance to crushed foliage.

Roystonea spp.

 

Sabal palmetto

 

Salix alba

Large native northern willow. Only forms of this tree weep. Very yellow new growth in late winter to early spring.

Salix babylonica

Aggressive roots near water sources-easily damaged in wind storms.

Salix discolor

"Fuzzy" gray buds in spring hence its common name pussy willow.

Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa'

Twisted foliage and new growth.

Salix nigra

Very common along waterways in eastern U.S.

Sambucus canadensis

Large white flower clusters with resulting purple fruit which can be used for jelly and wine. Plant is poisonous otherwise to animals and humans.

Sambucus pubens

Red non-edible fruit in spikes.

Santolina chamaecyparis

Ground cover for hot, dry locations-aromatic foliage.

Sassafras albidum

Fragrant foliage. Oval, mitten, three finger and five finger glove shaped foliage all on one individual plant. Blue fruit on end of red stalk in clusters. Yellow flowers early in the spring prior to the leaf emergence.

Sciadopitys verticillata

Plastc like flat needles in whorls at the end of the branches.

Sequoia sempervirens

Novelty planting in the east.

Sequoiadendron giganteum

Will grow in southeastern U.S. but do attain the size found in California.

Serenoa repens

 

Skimmia japonica

Showy red fruit. Requires male and female plants for fruit. Very susceptable to spidar mites.

Sophora japonica

White pea-like flowers. Seed pods tend to be more like a string of perals. Not for human consumption.

Sorbaria sorbifolia

Large feathery white flowers in early spring. Spreads by root suckers.

Sorbus americana

Attractive white flowers and red fruit-more disease tolerant than European mountain-ash.

Sorbus aucuparia

Attractive white flowers and orange fruit. European mountain-ash is very susceptable to rose family diseases. Tree form rather than shrub.

Sorghum halepense

Very invasive grass. Easily moved in topsoil as has rhizomes that will re-sprout and quickly spread in new location.

Spirea nipponica

Showy white flowers in early spring.

Spirea prunifolia

Showy white flowers in early spring.

Spirea xbulmalda

Pink flat flower clusters during summer with persistant seed heads.

Spirea xvanhouttei

Last of spring flowering spireas to flower. Flowers are in inch diameter clusters along stems.

Staphylea trifolia

Striped bark in winter.

Stephandra incisa

Excellent hedge plant around children play areas as plant does not break up when fallen into.

Stewartia ovata

Native stewartia to southeastern U.S.

Stewartia pseudocamellia

Camellia like showy white flowers during summer. Exfoliating smooth bark in the winter.

Styrax japonicus

Attractive white flowers-over abundance of white powdered blue fruit.

Symphoricarpus albus

Small white snowball shaped or styrafoam-like fruit.

Symphoricarpus orbiculatus

Native to open areas in southern mountains. Can be very invasive as reddish fruit is spread by birds and rodents.

Syringa pekinensis

Pink to purple flower clusters without scent.

Syringa reticulata

Cherry-like bark. Large showy creamy white flower clusters. Can be very odoriferous.

Syringa vulgaris

Many colors of showy, fragrant flowers in spring-old plants are susceptible to bark borers.

Tamarix ramosissima

very invasive in dry pasture lands of the west.

Taxodium ascendens

Branches tend to be weeping with foliage being scales tight to branches.

Taxodium distichum

Develops knees in flooded soil-salt tolerant. Foliage resembles dawn redwood and hemlock.

Taxus baccata

Red aril fruit-all of the plant except for the fruit is poisonous including the seed-common landscape evergreen in northern region.

Taxus cuspidata

Red aril fruit-all of the plant except for the fruit is poisonous including the seed-common landscape evergreen in northern region.

Taxus xmedia

Red aril fruit-all of the plant except for the fruit is poisonous;including the seed-common landscape evergreen in northern region.

Ternstroemia gymnanthera

Waxey creamy lowers with a pleasant scent.

Thuja occidentalis

Commonly used upright landscape evergreen-multi-stem form opens in heavy snow-very susceptable to bagworms.

Thuja plicata

Fast growing screen in hot, dry, sunny locations. Excellent tall screen. Deer will eat lower branches in winter.

Tilia americana

Very fragrant cream flowers resulting in excellent honey, Not nearly as damaged by Japanese beetles as littleleaf lindin. Also known as basswood as the lumber is used for boxes as it does not absorb odors.

Tilia cordata

Should not be planted in areas where Japanese beetle is a serious pest. Excellent street tree in other areas with very fragrant cream flowers.

Tilia tomentosa

Not susceptable to Japanese beetle.

Tilia x 'Euchlora'

Very glossy foliage that holds late in the fall.

Torreya nucifera

Green edible fruit.

Torreya taxifolia

Needles smell like turpentine when crushed. Rare in the wild.

Toxidendron radicans

Causes skin rashes in most individuals-red to yellow fall color-white fruit clusters in leaf axils-3 leaflets with terminal having a periole and two side leaflets are sessile-can be shrubby as well as a vine.

Toxidendron vermix

Causes skin rashes in most individuals-red to yellow fall color-white fruit clusters in leaf axils-pinnately compound leaves with 7 to 11 leaflets. Always found growing in wetlands or swamps.

Trachelospermum jasminoides

Outstanding creamy white flowers with great scent.

Tsuga canadensis

Flat needle with two white strips on underside-hemlock adelgid destroying natural stands in region.

Tsuga caroliniana

Dark green flat needle with two white strips on underside. Needles encircle the branches rather in a single plane as with Canadian hemlock. Found scattered in southern most range of with Canadian hemlock -hemlock adelgid destroying natural stands in region.

Ulmus alata

Corky ridges on branches. Smaller foliage than American elm. Tends to grow like a small American elm without the disease problems.

Ulmus americana

Few natural stands occur in isolated locations in region. Few survivors of Dutch Elm Disease exist in landscape situations-resistant forms are now available for landscape use.

Ulmus carpinifolia

Susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease.

Ulmus parvifolia

Excellent showy bark characteristic-flowers and produces seed in the fall.

Ulmus pumila

Easily broken and trunks split in wind, heavy wet snow or ice storms.

Ulmus rubra

Cough medicine made from sap. Sand-papery leaf surface. Poor fall color of foliage.

Vaccinium angustifolium

Source of wildlife food in natural stands. Bright red fall foliage color making for a very showy ground-cover in oak woods.

Vaccinium arboreum

Non-edible fruit for humans.

Vaccinium corymbosum

Hybrid blueberries are generally forms of this species or crossed with V. angustifolia for sweetness.

Vaccinium stamineum

Non-edible fruit for humans.

Viburnum acerifolia

Oftem mistaken for a red maple seedling in the wild. Blue fruit not samaras.

Viburnum carlesi

Clusters of pink to white fragrant flowers early in spring.

Viburnum dentatum

Very showy porcelain blue fruit in the fall.

Viburnum lentago

Flowers smell like a "billy goat".

Viburnum nudum

Showy wine-red fall foliage color.

Viburnum obovatum

Landscape plant for the deep south.

Viburnum odoratissimum

Pungent foliage. Red fruit. Use as a small tree.

Viburnum opulus

Produces large amount of bright red fruit-very vigorous grower.

Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum

Bears flower clusters in double row on top of branches; wine red fall color.

Viburnum prunifolium

Native shrub with flat white flower clusters at same time as wild black cherry.

Viburnum rhytidiphyllum

Large textured dark green leaves-large clusters of bright red fruit in the fall-leaves droop giving the appearance that the plant lacks water.

Viburnum rufidulum

Southeastern native shrub with flat white flower clusters at same time as wild black cherry. Red fall foliage color.

Viburnum sieboldii

Pinkish-red fruit ripening to blue.

Vinca major

Common ground cover with purple, white or burgundy flowers-prefers organic soil.

Vinca minor

Common ground-cover with purple flowers-prefers organic soil.

Vitex agnus-castus

Blue and white spike flowers-pungent scent to crushed leaves.

Vitus spp.

Very vigorous, large trunked vine which needs heavy support structures.

Washingtonia robusta

 

Weigela florida

Red or pink tubular flowers attract hummingbirds.

Wisteria floribunda

Very vigorous, large trunked vine which needs heavy support structure;purple or white scented hanging flower clusters.

Wisteria frutescens

Very vigorous, large trunked vines which need heavy support structure-purple or white scented hanging flower clusters.

X Cupressocyparis leylandii

Fast growing screen in hot, dry, sunny locations-very susceptible to bag worms.

Xanthacyparis nootkatensis

Weeping Alaskan native false cypress.

Xanthorhiza simplicissima

An herb for stomach problems used in a tea.

Yucca elephantipes

Found in hot, dry, sunny locations-large fleshy root-produces large white flower cluster 5 feet tall.

Yucca filamentosa

Found in hot, dry, sunny locations; large fleshy root produces large white flower cluster 5 feet tall.

Zanthoxylum americanum

Know as tooth-ache tree as sap is supposed to stop toothaches.

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis

Known as tooth-ache tree as sap is supposed to stop toothaches.

Zelkova serrata

First planted as a replacement for American elm-commonly used as a street and parking lot landscape tree-salt tolerant.

Zenobia pulverulata

One half to one inch white bell shaped flowers.

Ziziphus jujuba

Unusual date-like fruit.